Opcodes

Ops have a 'cost' of 1 unless otherwise specified.

err¶

Opcode: 0x00
Pops: None
Pushes: None
Error. Fail immediately. This is primarily a fencepost against accidental zero bytes getting compiled into programs.

sha256¶

Opcode: 0x01
Pops: ... stack, []byte
Pushes: []byte
SHA256 hash of value X, yields [32]byte
Cost:
7 (LogicSigVersion = 1)
35 (LogicSigVersion >= 2)

keccak256¶

Opcode: 0x02
Pops: ... stack, []byte
Pushes: []byte
Keccak256 hash of value X, yields [32]byte
Cost:
26 (LogicSigVersion = 1)
130 (LogicSigVersion >= 2)

sha512_256¶

Opcode: 0x03
Pops: ... stack, []byte
Pushes: []byte
SHA512_256 hash of value X, yields [32]byte
Cost:
9 (LogicSigVersion = 1)
45 (LogicSigVersion >= 2)

ed25519verify¶

Opcode: 0x04
Pops: ... stack, {[]byte A}, {[]byte B}, {[]byte C}
Pushes: uint64
for (data A, signature B, pubkey C) verify the signature of ("ProgData" || program_hash || data) against the pubkey => {0 or 1}
Cost: 1900

The 32 byte public key is the last element on the stack, preceded by the 64 byte signature at the second-to-last element on the stack, preceded by the data which was signed at the third-to-last element on the stack.

ecdsa_verify v¶

Opcode: 0x05 {uint8 curve index}
Pops: ... stack, {[]byte A}, {[]byte B}, {[]byte C}, {[]byte D}, {[]byte E}
Pushes: uint64
for (data A, signature B, C and pubkey D, E) verify the signature of the data against the pubkey => {0 or 1}
Cost: 1700
LogicSigVersion >= 5

ECDSA Curves:

Index	Name	Notes
0	Secp256k1	secp256k1 curve

The 32 byte Y-component of a public key is the last element on the stack, preceded by X-component of a pubkey, preceded by S and R components of a signature, preceded by the data that is fifth element on the stack. All values are big-endian encoded. The signed data must be 32 bytes long, and signatures in lower-S form are only accepted.

ecdsa_pk_decompress v¶

Opcode: 0x06 {uint8 curve index}
Pops: ... stack, []byte
Pushes: ... stack, []byte, []byte
decompress pubkey A into components X, Y => [... stack, X, Y]
Cost: 650
LogicSigVersion >= 5

ECDSA Curves:

Index	Name	Notes
0	Secp256k1	secp256k1 curve

The 33 byte public key in a compressed form to be decompressed into X and Y (top) components. All values are big-endian encoded.

ecdsa_pk_recover v¶

Opcode: 0x07 {uint8 curve index}
Pops: ... stack, {[]byte A}, {uint64 B}, {[]byte C}, {[]byte D}
Pushes: ... stack, []byte, []byte
for (data A, recovery id B, signature C, D) recover a public key => [... stack, X, Y]
Cost: 2000
LogicSigVersion >= 5

ECDSA Curves:

Index	Name	Notes
0	Secp256k1	secp256k1 curve

S (top) and R elements of a signature, recovery id and data (bottom) are expected on the stack and used to deriver a public key. All values are big-endian encoded. The signed data must be 32 bytes long.

+¶

Opcode: 0x08
Pops: ... stack, {uint64 A}, {uint64 B}
Pushes: uint64
A plus B. Fail on overflow.

Overflow is an error condition which halts execution and fails the transaction. Full precision is available from addw.

-¶

Opcode: 0x09
Pops: ... stack, {uint64 A}, {uint64 B}
Pushes: uint64
A minus B. Fail if B > A.

/¶

Opcode: 0x0a
Pops: ... stack, {uint64 A}, {uint64 B}
Pushes: uint64
A divided by B (truncated division). Fail if B == 0.

divmodw is available to divide the two-element values produced by mulw and addw.

*¶

Opcode: 0x0b
Pops: ... stack, {uint64 A}, {uint64 B}
Pushes: uint64
A times B. Fail on overflow.

Overflow is an error condition which halts execution and fails the transaction. Full precision is available from mulw.

<¶

Opcode: 0x0c
Pops: ... stack, {uint64 A}, {uint64 B}
Pushes: uint64
A less than B => {0 or 1}

>¶

Opcode: 0x0d
Pops: ... stack, {uint64 A}, {uint64 B}
Pushes: uint64
A greater than B => {0 or 1}

<=¶

Opcode: 0x0e
Pops: ... stack, {uint64 A}, {uint64 B}
Pushes: uint64
A less than or equal to B => {0 or 1}

>=¶

Opcode: 0x0f
Pops: ... stack, {uint64 A}, {uint64 B}
Pushes: uint64
A greater than or equal to B => {0 or 1}

&&¶

Opcode: 0x10
Pops: ... stack, {uint64 A}, {uint64 B}
Pushes: uint64
A is not zero and B is not zero => {0 or 1}

||¶

Opcode: 0x11
Pops: ... stack, {uint64 A}, {uint64 B}
Pushes: uint64
A is not zero or B is not zero => {0 or 1}

==¶

Opcode: 0x12
Pops: ... stack, {any A}, {any B}
Pushes: uint64
A is equal to B => {0 or 1}

!=¶

Opcode: 0x13
Pops: ... stack, {any A}, {any B}
Pushes: uint64
A is not equal to B => {0 or 1}

!¶

Opcode: 0x14
Pops: ... stack, uint64
Pushes: uint64
X == 0 yields 1; else 0

len¶

Opcode: 0x15
Pops: ... stack, []byte
Pushes: uint64
yields length of byte value X

itob¶

Opcode: 0x16
Pops: ... stack, uint64
Pushes: []byte
converts uint64 X to big endian bytes

btoi¶

Opcode: 0x17
Pops: ... stack, []byte
Pushes: uint64
converts bytes X as big endian to uint64

btoi fails if the input is longer than 8 bytes.

%¶

Opcode: 0x18
Pops: ... stack, {uint64 A}, {uint64 B}
Pushes: uint64
A modulo B. Fail if B == 0.

|¶

Opcode: 0x19
Pops: ... stack, {uint64 A}, {uint64 B}
Pushes: uint64
A bitwise-or B

&¶

Opcode: 0x1a
Pops: ... stack, {uint64 A}, {uint64 B}
Pushes: uint64
A bitwise-and B

^¶

Opcode: 0x1b
Pops: ... stack, {uint64 A}, {uint64 B}
Pushes: uint64
A bitwise-xor B

~¶

Opcode: 0x1c
Pops: ... stack, uint64
Pushes: uint64
bitwise invert value X

mulw¶

Opcode: 0x1d
Pops: ... stack, {uint64 A}, {uint64 B}
Pushes: ... stack, uint64, uint64
A times B out to 128-bit long result as low (top) and high uint64 values on the stack

addw¶

Opcode: 0x1e
Pops: ... stack, {uint64 A}, {uint64 B}
Pushes: ... stack, uint64, uint64
A plus B out to 128-bit long result as sum (top) and carry-bit uint64 values on the stack
LogicSigVersion >= 2

divmodw¶

Opcode: 0x1f
Pops: ... stack, {uint64 A}, {uint64 B}, {uint64 C}, {uint64 D}
Pushes: ... stack, uint64, uint64, uint64, uint64
Pop four uint64 values. The deepest two are interpreted as a uint128 dividend (deepest value is high word), the top two are interpreted as a uint128 divisor. Four uint64 values are pushed to the stack. The deepest two are the quotient (deeper value is the high uint64). The top two are the remainder, low bits on top.
Cost: 20
LogicSigVersion >= 4

intcblock uint ...¶

Opcode: 0x20 {varuint length} [{varuint value}, ...]
Pops: None
Pushes: None
prepare block of uint64 constants for use by intc

intcblock loads following program bytes into an array of integer constants in the evaluator. These integer constants can be referred to by intc and intc_* which will push the value onto the stack. Subsequent calls to intcblock reset and replace the integer constants available to the script.

intc i¶

Opcode: 0x21 {uint8 int constant index}
Pops: None
Pushes: uint64
push Ith constant from intcblock to stack

intc_0¶

Opcode: 0x22
Pops: None
Pushes: uint64
push constant 0 from intcblock to stack

intc_1¶

Opcode: 0x23
Pops: None
Pushes: uint64
push constant 1 from intcblock to stack

intc_2¶

Opcode: 0x24
Pops: None
Pushes: uint64
push constant 2 from intcblock to stack

intc_3¶

Opcode: 0x25
Pops: None
Pushes: uint64
push constant 3 from intcblock to stack

bytecblock bytes ...¶

Opcode: 0x26 {varuint length} [({varuint value length} bytes), ...]
Pops: None
Pushes: None
prepare block of byte-array constants for use by bytec

bytecblock loads the following program bytes into an array of byte-array constants in the evaluator. These constants can be referred to by bytec and bytec_* which will push the value onto the stack. Subsequent calls to bytecblock reset and replace the bytes constants available to the script.

bytec i¶

Opcode: 0x27 {uint8 byte constant index}
Pops: None
Pushes: []byte
push Ith constant from bytecblock to stack

bytec_0¶

Opcode: 0x28
Pops: None
Pushes: []byte
push constant 0 from bytecblock to stack

bytec_1¶

Opcode: 0x29
Pops: None
Pushes: []byte
push constant 1 from bytecblock to stack

bytec_2¶

Opcode: 0x2a
Pops: None
Pushes: []byte
push constant 2 from bytecblock to stack

bytec_3¶

Opcode: 0x2b
Pops: None
Pushes: []byte
push constant 3 from bytecblock to stack

arg n¶

Opcode: 0x2c {uint8 arg index N}
Pops: None
Pushes: []byte
push Nth LogicSig argument to stack
Mode: Signature

arg_0¶

Opcode: 0x2d
Pops: None
Pushes: []byte
push LogicSig argument 0 to stack
Mode: Signature

arg_1¶

Opcode: 0x2e
Pops: None
Pushes: []byte
push LogicSig argument 1 to stack
Mode: Signature

arg_2¶

Opcode: 0x2f
Pops: None
Pushes: []byte
push LogicSig argument 2 to stack
Mode: Signature

arg_3¶

Opcode: 0x30
Pops: None
Pushes: []byte
push LogicSig argument 3 to stack
Mode: Signature

txn f¶

Opcode: 0x31 {uint8 transaction field index}
Pops: None
Pushes: any
push field F of current transaction to stack

txn Fields (see transaction reference):

Index	Name	Type	Notes
0	Sender	[]byte	32 byte address
1	Fee	uint64	micro-Algos
2	FirstValid	uint64	round number
3	FirstValidTime	uint64	Causes program to fail; reserved for future use
4	LastValid	uint64	round number
5	Note	[]byte	Any data up to 1024 bytes
6	Lease	[]byte	32 byte lease value
7	Receiver	[]byte	32 byte address
8	Amount	uint64	micro-Algos
9	CloseRemainderTo	[]byte	32 byte address
10	VotePK	[]byte	32 byte address
11	SelectionPK	[]byte	32 byte address
12	VoteFirst	uint64	The first round that the participation key is valid.
13	VoteLast	uint64	The last round that the participation key is valid.
14	VoteKeyDilution	uint64	Dilution for the 2-level participation key
15	Type	[]byte	Transaction type as bytes
16	TypeEnum	uint64	See table below
17	XferAsset	uint64	Asset ID
18	AssetAmount	uint64	value in Asset's units
19	AssetSender	[]byte	32 byte address. Causes clawback of all value of asset from AssetSender if Sender is the Clawback address of the asset.
20	AssetReceiver	[]byte	32 byte address
21	AssetCloseTo	[]byte	32 byte address
22	GroupIndex	uint64	Position of this transaction within an atomic transaction group. A stand-alone transaction is implicitly element 0 in a group of 1
23	TxID	[]byte	The computed ID for this transaction. 32 bytes.
24	ApplicationID	uint64	ApplicationID from ApplicationCall transaction. LogicSigVersion >= 2.
25	OnCompletion	uint64	ApplicationCall transaction on completion action. LogicSigVersion >= 2.
26	ApplicationArgs	[]byte	Arguments passed to the application in the ApplicationCall transaction. LogicSigVersion >= 2.
27	NumAppArgs	uint64	Number of ApplicationArgs. LogicSigVersion >= 2.
28	Accounts	[]byte	Accounts listed in the ApplicationCall transaction. LogicSigVersion >= 2.
29	NumAccounts	uint64	Number of Accounts. LogicSigVersion >= 2.
30	ApprovalProgram	[]byte	Approval program. LogicSigVersion >= 2.
31	ClearStateProgram	[]byte	Clear state program. LogicSigVersion >= 2.
32	RekeyTo	[]byte	32 byte Sender's new AuthAddr. LogicSigVersion >= 2.
33	ConfigAsset	uint64	Asset ID in asset config transaction. LogicSigVersion >= 2.
34	ConfigAssetTotal	uint64	Total number of units of this asset created. LogicSigVersion >= 2.
35	ConfigAssetDecimals	uint64	Number of digits to display after the decimal place when displaying the asset. LogicSigVersion >= 2.
36	ConfigAssetDefaultFrozen	uint64	Whether the asset's slots are frozen by default or not, 0 or 1. LogicSigVersion >= 2.
37	ConfigAssetUnitName	[]byte	Unit name of the asset. LogicSigVersion >= 2.
38	ConfigAssetName	[]byte	The asset name. LogicSigVersion >= 2.
39	ConfigAssetURL	[]byte	URL. LogicSigVersion >= 2.
40	ConfigAssetMetadataHash	[]byte	32 byte commitment to some unspecified asset metadata. LogicSigVersion >= 2.
41	ConfigAssetManager	[]byte	32 byte address. LogicSigVersion >= 2.
42	ConfigAssetReserve	[]byte	32 byte address. LogicSigVersion >= 2.
43	ConfigAssetFreeze	[]byte	32 byte address. LogicSigVersion >= 2.
44	ConfigAssetClawback	[]byte	32 byte address. LogicSigVersion >= 2.
45	FreezeAsset	uint64	Asset ID being frozen or un-frozen. LogicSigVersion >= 2.
46	FreezeAssetAccount	[]byte	32 byte address of the account whose asset slot is being frozen or un-frozen. LogicSigVersion >= 2.
47	FreezeAssetFrozen	uint64	The new frozen value, 0 or 1. LogicSigVersion >= 2.
48	Assets	uint64	Foreign Assets listed in the ApplicationCall transaction. LogicSigVersion >= 3.
49	NumAssets	uint64	Number of Assets. LogicSigVersion >= 3.
50	Applications	uint64	Foreign Apps listed in the ApplicationCall transaction. LogicSigVersion >= 3.
51	NumApplications	uint64	Number of Applications. LogicSigVersion >= 3.
52	GlobalNumUint	uint64	Number of global state integers in ApplicationCall. LogicSigVersion >= 3.
53	GlobalNumByteSlice	uint64	Number of global state byteslices in ApplicationCall. LogicSigVersion >= 3.
54	LocalNumUint	uint64	Number of local state integers in ApplicationCall. LogicSigVersion >= 3.
55	LocalNumByteSlice	uint64	Number of local state byteslices in ApplicationCall. LogicSigVersion >= 3.
56	ExtraProgramPages	uint64	Number of additional pages for each of the application's approval and clear state programs. An ExtraProgramPages of 1 means 2048 more total bytes, or 1024 for each program. LogicSigVersion >= 4.
57	Nonparticipation	uint64	Marks an account nonparticipating for rewards. LogicSigVersion >= 5.
58	Logs	[]byte	Log messages emitted by an application call (itxn only). LogicSigVersion >= 5.
59	NumLogs	uint64	Number of Logs (itxn only). LogicSigVersion >= 5.
60	CreatedAssetID	uint64	Asset ID allocated by the creation of an ASA (itxn only). LogicSigVersion >= 5.
61	CreatedApplicationID	uint64	ApplicationID allocated by the creation of an application (itxn only). LogicSigVersion >= 5.

TypeEnum mapping:

Index	"Type" string	Description
0	unknown	Unknown type. Invalid transaction
1	pay	Payment
2	keyreg	KeyRegistration
3	acfg	AssetConfig
4	axfer	AssetTransfer
5	afrz	AssetFreeze
6	appl	ApplicationCall

FirstValidTime causes the program to fail. The field is reserved for future use.

global f¶

Opcode: 0x32 {uint8 global field index}
Pops: None
Pushes: any
push value from globals to stack

global Fields:

Index	Name	Type	Notes
0	MinTxnFee	uint64	micro Algos
1	MinBalance	uint64	micro Algos
2	MaxTxnLife	uint64	rounds
3	ZeroAddress	[]byte	32 byte address of all zero bytes
4	GroupSize	uint64	Number of transactions in this atomic transaction group. At least 1
5	LogicSigVersion	uint64	Maximum supported TEAL version. LogicSigVersion >= 2.
6	Round	uint64	Current round number. LogicSigVersion >= 2.
7	LatestTimestamp	uint64	Last confirmed block UNIX timestamp. Fails if negative. LogicSigVersion >= 2.
8	CurrentApplicationID	uint64	ID of current application executing. Fails in LogicSigs. LogicSigVersion >= 2.
9	CreatorAddress	[]byte	Address of the creator of the current application. Fails if no such application is executing. LogicSigVersion >= 3.
10	CurrentApplicationAddress	[]byte	Address that the current application controls. Fails in LogicSigs. LogicSigVersion >= 5.
11	GroupID	[]byte	ID of the transaction group. 32 zero bytes if the transaction is not part of a group. LogicSigVersion >= 5.

gtxn t f¶

Opcode: 0x33 {uint8 transaction group index} {uint8 transaction field index}
Pops: None
Pushes: any
push field F of the Tth transaction in the current group

for notes on transaction fields available, see txn. If this transaction is i in the group, gtxn i field is equivalent to txn field.

load i¶

Opcode: 0x34 {uint8 position in scratch space to load from}
Pops: None
Pushes: any
copy a value from scratch space to the stack. All scratch spaces are 0 at program start.

store i¶

Opcode: 0x35 {uint8 position in scratch space to store to}
Pops: ... stack, any
Pushes: None
pop value X. store X to the Ith scratch space

txna f i¶

Opcode: 0x36 {uint8 transaction field index} {uint8 transaction field array index}
Pops: None
Pushes: any
push Ith value of the array field F of the current transaction
LogicSigVersion >= 2

gtxna t f i¶

Opcode: 0x37 {uint8 transaction group index} {uint8 transaction field index} {uint8 transaction field array index}
Pops: None
Pushes: any
push Ith value of the array field F from the Tth transaction in the current group
LogicSigVersion >= 2

gtxns f¶

Opcode: 0x38 {uint8 transaction field index}
Pops: ... stack, uint64
Pushes: any
push field F of the Xth transaction in the current group
LogicSigVersion >= 3

for notes on transaction fields available, see txn. If top of stack is i, gtxns field is equivalent to gtxn _i_ field. gtxns exists so that i can be calculated, often based on the index of the current transaction.

gtxnsa f i¶

Opcode: 0x39 {uint8 transaction field index} {uint8 transaction field array index}
Pops: ... stack, uint64
Pushes: any
push Ith value of the array field F from the Xth transaction in the current group
LogicSigVersion >= 3

gload t i¶

Opcode: 0x3a {uint8 transaction group index} {uint8 position in scratch space to load from}
Pops: None
Pushes: any
push Ith scratch space index of the Tth transaction in the current group
LogicSigVersion >= 4
Mode: Application

gload fails unless the requested transaction is an ApplicationCall and T < GroupIndex.

gloads i¶

Opcode: 0x3b {uint8 position in scratch space to load from}
Pops: ... stack, uint64
Pushes: any
push Ith scratch space index of the Xth transaction in the current group
LogicSigVersion >= 4
Mode: Application

gloads fails unless the requested transaction is an ApplicationCall and X < GroupIndex.

gaid t¶

Opcode: 0x3c {uint8 transaction group index}
Pops: None
Pushes: uint64
push the ID of the asset or application created in the Tth transaction of the current group
LogicSigVersion >= 4
Mode: Application

gaid fails unless the requested transaction created an asset or application and T < GroupIndex.

gaids¶

Opcode: 0x3d
Pops: ... stack, uint64
Pushes: uint64
push the ID of the asset or application created in the Xth transaction of the current group
LogicSigVersion >= 4
Mode: Application

gaids fails unless the requested transaction created an asset or application and X < GroupIndex.

loads¶

Opcode: 0x3e
Pops: ... stack, uint64
Pushes: any
copy a value from the Xth scratch space to the stack. All scratch spaces are 0 at program start.
LogicSigVersion >= 5

stores¶

Opcode: 0x3f
Pops: ... stack, {uint64 A}, {any B}
Pushes: None
pop indexes A and B. store B to the Ath scratch space
LogicSigVersion >= 5

bnz target¶

Opcode: 0x40 {int16 branch offset, big endian}
Pops: ... stack, uint64
Pushes: None
branch to TARGET if value X is not zero

The bnz instruction opcode 0x40 is followed by two immediate data bytes which are a high byte first and low byte second which together form a 16 bit offset which the instruction may branch to. For a bnz instruction at pc, if the last element of the stack is not zero then branch to instruction at pc + 3 + N, else proceed to next instruction at pc + 3. Branch targets must be aligned instructions. (e.g. Branching to the second byte of a 2 byte op will be rejected.) Starting at v4, the offset is treated as a signed 16 bit integer allowing for backward branches and looping. In prior version (v1 to v3), branch offsets are limited to forward branches only, 0-0x7fff.

At v2 it became allowed to branch to the end of the program exactly after the last instruction: bnz to byte N (with 0-indexing) was illegal for a TEAL program with N bytes before v2, and is legal after it. This change eliminates the need for a last instruction of no-op as a branch target at the end. (Branching beyond the end--in other words, to a byte larger than N--is still illegal and will cause the program to fail.)

bz target¶

Opcode: 0x41 {int16 branch offset, big endian}
Pops: ... stack, uint64
Pushes: None
branch to TARGET if value X is zero
LogicSigVersion >= 2

See bnz for details on how branches work. bz inverts the behavior of bnz.

b target¶

Opcode: 0x42 {int16 branch offset, big endian}
Pops: None
Pushes: None
branch unconditionally to TARGET
LogicSigVersion >= 2

See bnz for details on how branches work. b always jumps to the offset.

return¶

Opcode: 0x43
Pops: ... stack, uint64
Pushes: None
use last value on stack as success value; end
LogicSigVersion >= 2

assert¶

Opcode: 0x44
Pops: ... stack, uint64
Pushes: None
immediately fail unless value X is a non-zero number
LogicSigVersion >= 3

pop¶

Opcode: 0x48
Pops: ... stack, any
Pushes: None
discard value X from stack

dup¶

Opcode: 0x49
Pops: ... stack, any
Pushes: ... stack, any, any
duplicate last value on stack

dup2¶

Opcode: 0x4a
Pops: ... stack, {any A}, {any B}
Pushes: ... stack, any, any, any, any
duplicate two last values on stack: A, B -> A, B, A, B
LogicSigVersion >= 2

dig n¶

Opcode: 0x4b {uint8 depth}
Pops: ... stack, any
Pushes: ... stack, any, any
push the Nth value from the top of the stack. dig 0 is equivalent to dup
LogicSigVersion >= 3

swap¶

Opcode: 0x4c
Pops: ... stack, {any A}, {any B}
Pushes: ... stack, any, any
swaps two last values on stack: A, B -> B, A
LogicSigVersion >= 3

select¶

Opcode: 0x4d
Pops: ... stack, {any A}, {any B}, {uint64 C}
Pushes: any
selects one of two values based on top-of-stack: A, B, C -> (if C != 0 then B else A)
LogicSigVersion >= 3

cover n¶

Opcode: 0x4e {uint8 depth}
Pops: ... stack, any
Pushes: any
remove top of stack, and place it deeper in the stack such that N elements are above it. Fails if stack depth <= N.
LogicSigVersion >= 5

uncover n¶

Opcode: 0x4f {uint8 depth}
Pops: ... stack, any
Pushes: any
remove the value at depth N in the stack and shift above items down so the Nth deep value is on top of the stack. Fails if stack depth <= N.
LogicSigVersion >= 5

concat¶

Opcode: 0x50
Pops: ... stack, {[]byte A}, {[]byte B}
Pushes: []byte
pop two byte-arrays A and B and join them, push the result
LogicSigVersion >= 2

concat fails if the result would be greater than 4096 bytes.

substring s e¶

Opcode: 0x51 {uint8 start position} {uint8 end position}
Pops: ... stack, []byte
Pushes: []byte
pop a byte-array A. For immediate values in 0..255 S and E: extract a range of bytes from A starting at S up to but not including E, push the substring result. If E < S, or either is larger than the array length, the program fails
LogicSigVersion >= 2

substring3¶

Opcode: 0x52
Pops: ... stack, {[]byte A}, {uint64 B}, {uint64 C}
Pushes: []byte
pop a byte-array A and two integers B and C. Extract a range of bytes from A starting at B up to but not including C, push the substring result. If C < B, or either is larger than the array length, the program fails
LogicSigVersion >= 2

getbit¶

Opcode: 0x53
Pops: ... stack, {any A}, {uint64 B}
Pushes: uint64
pop a target A (integer or byte-array), and index B. Push the Bth bit of A.
LogicSigVersion >= 3

see explanation of bit ordering in setbit

setbit¶

Opcode: 0x54
Pops: ... stack, {any A}, {uint64 B}, {uint64 C}
Pushes: any
pop a target A, index B, and bit C. Set the Bth bit of A to C, and push the result
LogicSigVersion >= 3

When A is a uint64, index 0 is the least significant bit. Setting bit 3 to 1 on the integer 0 yields 8, or 2^3. When A is a byte array, index 0 is the leftmost bit of the leftmost byte. Setting bits 0 through 11 to 1 in a 4-byte-array of 0s yields the byte array 0xfff00000. Setting bit 3 to 1 on the 1-byte-array 0x00 yields the byte array 0x10.

getbyte¶

Opcode: 0x55
Pops: ... stack, {[]byte A}, {uint64 B}
Pushes: uint64
pop a byte-array A and integer B. Extract the Bth byte of A and push it as an integer
LogicSigVersion >= 3

setbyte¶

Opcode: 0x56
Pops: ... stack, {[]byte A}, {uint64 B}, {uint64 C}
Pushes: []byte
pop a byte-array A, integer B, and small integer C (between 0..255). Set the Bth byte of A to C, and push the result
LogicSigVersion >= 3

extract s l¶

Opcode: 0x57 {uint8 start position} {uint8 length}
Pops: ... stack, []byte
Pushes: []byte
pop a byte-array A. For immediate values in 0..255 S and L: extract a range of bytes from A starting at S up to but not including S+L, push the substring result. If L is 0, then extract to the end of the string. If S or S+L is larger than the array length, the program fails
LogicSigVersion >= 5

extract3¶

Opcode: 0x58
Pops: ... stack, {[]byte A}, {uint64 B}, {uint64 C}
Pushes: []byte
pop a byte-array A and two integers B and C. Extract a range of bytes from A starting at B up to but not including B+C, push the substring result. If B+C is larger than the array length, the program fails
LogicSigVersion >= 5

extract_uint16¶

Opcode: 0x59
Pops: ... stack, {[]byte A}, {uint64 B}
Pushes: uint64
pop a byte-array A and integer B. Extract a range of bytes from A starting at B up to but not including B+2, convert bytes as big endian and push the uint64 result. If B+2 is larger than the array length, the program fails
LogicSigVersion >= 5

extract_uint32¶

Opcode: 0x5a
Pops: ... stack, {[]byte A}, {uint64 B}
Pushes: uint64
pop a byte-array A and integer B. Extract a range of bytes from A starting at B up to but not including B+4, convert bytes as big endian and push the uint64 result. If B+4 is larger than the array length, the program fails
LogicSigVersion >= 5

extract_uint64¶

Opcode: 0x5b
Pops: ... stack, {[]byte A}, {uint64 B}
Pushes: uint64
pop a byte-array A and integer B. Extract a range of bytes from A starting at B up to but not including B+8, convert bytes as big endian and push the uint64 result. If B+8 is larger than the array length, the program fails
LogicSigVersion >= 5

balance¶

Opcode: 0x60
Pops: ... stack, any
Pushes: uint64
get balance for account A, in microalgos. The balance is observed after the effects of previous transactions in the group, and after the fee for the current transaction is deducted.
LogicSigVersion >= 2
Mode: Application

params: Before v4, Txn.Accounts offset. Since v4, Txn.Accounts offset or an account address that appears in Txn.Accounts or is Txn.Sender). Return: value.

app_opted_in¶

Opcode: 0x61
Pops: ... stack, {any A}, {uint64 B}
Pushes: uint64
check if account A opted in for the application B => {0 or 1}
LogicSigVersion >= 2
Mode: Application

params: Txn.Accounts offset (or, since v4, an account address that appears in Txn.Accounts or is Txn.Sender), application id (or, since v4, a Txn.ForeignApps offset). Return: 1 if opted in and 0 otherwise.

app_local_get¶

Opcode: 0x62
Pops: ... stack, {any A}, {[]byte B}
Pushes: any
read from account A from local state of the current application key B => value
LogicSigVersion >= 2
Mode: Application

params: Txn.Accounts offset (or, since v4, an account address that appears in Txn.Accounts or is Txn.Sender), state key. Return: value. The value is zero (of type uint64) if the key does not exist.

app_local_get_ex¶

Opcode: 0x63
Pops: ... stack, {any A}, {uint64 B}, {[]byte C}
Pushes: ... stack, any, uint64
read from account A from local state of the application B key C => [... stack, value, 0 or 1]
LogicSigVersion >= 2
Mode: Application

params: Txn.Accounts offset (or, since v4, an account address that appears in Txn.Accounts or is Txn.Sender), application id (or, since v4, a Txn.ForeignApps offset), state key. Return: did_exist flag (top of the stack, 1 if the application existed and 0 otherwise), value. The value is zero (of type uint64) if the key does not exist.

app_global_get¶

Opcode: 0x64
Pops: ... stack, []byte
Pushes: any
read key A from global state of a current application => value
LogicSigVersion >= 2
Mode: Application

params: state key. Return: value. The value is zero (of type uint64) if the key does not exist.

app_global_get_ex¶

Opcode: 0x65
Pops: ... stack, {uint64 A}, {[]byte B}
Pushes: ... stack, any, uint64
read from application A global state key B => [... stack, value, 0 or 1]
LogicSigVersion >= 2
Mode: Application

params: Txn.ForeignApps offset (or, since v4, an application id that appears in Txn.ForeignApps or is the CurrentApplicationID), state key. Return: did_exist flag (top of the stack, 1 if the application existed and 0 otherwise), value. The value is zero (of type uint64) if the key does not exist.

app_local_put¶

Opcode: 0x66
Pops: ... stack, {any A}, {[]byte B}, {any C}
Pushes: None
write to account specified by A to local state of a current application key B with value C
LogicSigVersion >= 2
Mode: Application

params: Txn.Accounts offset (or, since v4, an account address that appears in Txn.Accounts or is Txn.Sender), state key, value.

app_global_put¶

Opcode: 0x67
Pops: ... stack, {[]byte A}, {any B}
Pushes: None
write key A and value B to global state of the current application
LogicSigVersion >= 2
Mode: Application

app_local_del¶

Opcode: 0x68
Pops: ... stack, {any A}, {[]byte B}
Pushes: None
delete from account A local state key B of the current application
LogicSigVersion >= 2
Mode: Application

params: Txn.Accounts offset (or, since v4, an account address that appears in Txn.Accounts or is Txn.Sender), state key.

Deleting a key which is already absent has no effect on the application local state. (In particular, it does not cause the program to fail.)

app_global_del¶

Opcode: 0x69
Pops: ... stack, []byte
Pushes: None
delete key A from a global state of the current application
LogicSigVersion >= 2
Mode: Application

params: state key.

Deleting a key which is already absent has no effect on the application global state. (In particular, it does not cause the program to fail.)

asset_holding_get i¶

Opcode: 0x70 {uint8 asset holding field index}
Pops: ... stack, {any A}, {uint64 B}
Pushes: ... stack, any, uint64
read from account A and asset B holding field X (imm arg) => {0 or 1 (top), value}
LogicSigVersion >= 2
Mode: Application

asset_holding_get Fields:

Index	Name	Type	Notes
0	AssetBalance	uint64	Amount of the asset unit held by this account
1	AssetFrozen	uint64	Is the asset frozen or not

params: Txn.Accounts offset (or, since v4, an account address that appears in Txn.Accounts or is Txn.Sender), asset id (or, since v4, a Txn.ForeignAssets offset). Return: did_exist flag (1 if the asset existed and 0 otherwise), value.

asset_params_get i¶

Opcode: 0x71 {uint8 asset params field index}
Pops: ... stack, uint64
Pushes: ... stack, any, uint64
read from asset A params field X (imm arg) => {0 or 1 (top), value}
LogicSigVersion >= 2
Mode: Application

asset_params_get Fields:

Index	Name	Type	Notes
0	AssetTotal	uint64	Total number of units of this asset
1	AssetDecimals	uint64	See AssetParams.Decimals
2	AssetDefaultFrozen	uint64	Frozen by default or not
3	AssetUnitName	[]byte	Asset unit name
4	AssetName	[]byte	Asset name
5	AssetURL	[]byte	URL with additional info about the asset
6	AssetMetadataHash	[]byte	Arbitrary commitment
7	AssetManager	[]byte	Manager commitment
8	AssetReserve	[]byte	Reserve address
9	AssetFreeze	[]byte	Freeze address
10	AssetClawback	[]byte	Clawback address
11	AssetCreator	[]byte	Creator address. LogicSigVersion >= 5.

params: Before v4, Txn.ForeignAssets offset. Since v4, Txn.ForeignAssets offset or an asset id that appears in Txn.ForeignAssets. Return: did_exist flag (1 if the asset existed and 0 otherwise), value.

app_params_get i¶

Opcode: 0x72 {uint8 app params field index}
Pops: ... stack, uint64
Pushes: ... stack, any, uint64
read from app A params field X (imm arg) => {0 or 1 (top), value}
LogicSigVersion >= 5
Mode: Application

app_params_get Fields:

Index	Name	Type	Notes
0	AppApprovalProgram	[]byte	Bytecode of Approval Program
1	AppClearStateProgram	[]byte	Bytecode of Clear State Program
2	AppGlobalNumUint	uint64	Number of uint64 values allowed in Global State
3	AppGlobalNumByteSlice	uint64	Number of byte array values allowed in Global State
4	AppLocalNumUint	uint64	Number of uint64 values allowed in Local State
5	AppLocalNumByteSlice	uint64	Number of byte array values allowed in Local State
6	AppExtraProgramPages	uint64	Number of Extra Program Pages of code space
7	AppCreator	[]byte	Creator address
8	AppAddress	[]byte	Address for which this application has authority

params: Txn.ForeignApps offset or an app id that appears in Txn.ForeignApps. Return: did_exist flag (1 if the application existed and 0 otherwise), value.

min_balance¶

Opcode: 0x78
Pops: ... stack, any
Pushes: uint64
get minimum required balance for account A, in microalgos. Required balance is affected by ASA and App usage. When creating or opting into an app, the minimum balance grows before the app code runs, therefore the increase is visible there. When deleting or closing out, the minimum balance decreases after the app executes.
LogicSigVersion >= 3
Mode: Application

params: Before v4, Txn.Accounts offset. Since v4, Txn.Accounts offset or an account address that appears in Txn.Accounts or is Txn.Sender). Return: value.

pushbytes bytes¶

Opcode: 0x80 {varuint length} {bytes}
Pops: None
Pushes: []byte
push the following program bytes to the stack
LogicSigVersion >= 3

pushbytes args are not added to the bytecblock during assembly processes

pushint uint¶

Opcode: 0x81 {varuint int}
Pops: None
Pushes: uint64
push immediate UINT to the stack as an integer
LogicSigVersion >= 3

pushint args are not added to the intcblock during assembly processes

callsub target¶

Opcode: 0x88 {int16 branch offset, big endian}
Pops: None
Pushes: None
branch unconditionally to TARGET, saving the next instruction on the call stack
LogicSigVersion >= 4

The call stack is separate from the data stack. Only callsub and retsub manipulate it.

retsub¶

Opcode: 0x89
Pops: None
Pushes: None
pop the top instruction from the call stack and branch to it
LogicSigVersion >= 4

The call stack is separate from the data stack. Only callsub and retsub manipulate it.

shl¶

Opcode: 0x90
Pops: ... stack, {uint64 A}, {uint64 B}
Pushes: uint64
A times 2^B, modulo 2^64
LogicSigVersion >= 4

shr¶

Opcode: 0x91
Pops: ... stack, {uint64 A}, {uint64 B}
Pushes: uint64
A divided by 2^B
LogicSigVersion >= 4

sqrt¶

Opcode: 0x92
Pops: ... stack, uint64
Pushes: uint64
The largest integer B such that B^2 <= X
Cost: 4
LogicSigVersion >= 4

bitlen¶

Opcode: 0x93
Pops: ... stack, any
Pushes: uint64
The highest set bit in X. If X is a byte-array, it is interpreted as a big-endian unsigned integer. bitlen of 0 is 0, bitlen of 8 is 4
LogicSigVersion >= 4

bitlen interprets arrays as big-endian integers, unlike setbit/getbit

exp¶

Opcode: 0x94
Pops: ... stack, {uint64 A}, {uint64 B}
Pushes: uint64
A raised to the Bth power. Fail if A == B == 0 and on overflow
LogicSigVersion >= 4

expw¶

Opcode: 0x95
Pops: ... stack, {uint64 A}, {uint64 B}
Pushes: ... stack, uint64, uint64
A raised to the Bth power as a 128-bit long result as low (top) and high uint64 values on the stack. Fail if A == B == 0 or if the results exceeds 2^128-1
Cost: 10
LogicSigVersion >= 4

b+¶

Opcode: 0xa0
Pops: ... stack, {[]byte A}, {[]byte B}
Pushes: []byte
A plus B, where A and B are byte-arrays interpreted as big-endian unsigned integers
Cost: 10
LogicSigVersion >= 4

b-¶

Opcode: 0xa1
Pops: ... stack, {[]byte A}, {[]byte B}
Pushes: []byte
A minus B, where A and B are byte-arrays interpreted as big-endian unsigned integers. Fail on underflow.
Cost: 10
LogicSigVersion >= 4

b/¶

Opcode: 0xa2
Pops: ... stack, {[]byte A}, {[]byte B}
Pushes: []byte
A divided by B (truncated division), where A and B are byte-arrays interpreted as big-endian unsigned integers. Fail if B is zero.
Cost: 20
LogicSigVersion >= 4

b*¶

Opcode: 0xa3
Pops: ... stack, {[]byte A}, {[]byte B}
Pushes: []byte
A times B, where A and B are byte-arrays interpreted as big-endian unsigned integers.
Cost: 20
LogicSigVersion >= 4

b<¶

Opcode: 0xa4
Pops: ... stack, {[]byte A}, {[]byte B}
Pushes: uint64
A is less than B, where A and B are byte-arrays interpreted as big-endian unsigned integers => { 0 or 1}
LogicSigVersion >= 4

b>¶

Opcode: 0xa5
Pops: ... stack, {[]byte A}, {[]byte B}
Pushes: uint64
A is greater than B, where A and B are byte-arrays interpreted as big-endian unsigned integers => { 0 or 1}
LogicSigVersion >= 4

b<=¶

Opcode: 0xa6
Pops: ... stack, {[]byte A}, {[]byte B}
Pushes: uint64
A is less than or equal to B, where A and B are byte-arrays interpreted as big-endian unsigned integers => { 0 or 1}
LogicSigVersion >= 4

b>=¶

Opcode: 0xa7
Pops: ... stack, {[]byte A}, {[]byte B}
Pushes: uint64
A is greater than or equal to B, where A and B are byte-arrays interpreted as big-endian unsigned integers => { 0 or 1}
LogicSigVersion >= 4

b==¶

Opcode: 0xa8
Pops: ... stack, {[]byte A}, {[]byte B}
Pushes: uint64
A is equals to B, where A and B are byte-arrays interpreted as big-endian unsigned integers => { 0 or 1}
LogicSigVersion >= 4

b!=¶

Opcode: 0xa9
Pops: ... stack, {[]byte A}, {[]byte B}
Pushes: uint64
A is not equal to B, where A and B are byte-arrays interpreted as big-endian unsigned integers => { 0 or 1}
LogicSigVersion >= 4

b%¶

Opcode: 0xaa
Pops: ... stack, {[]byte A}, {[]byte B}
Pushes: []byte
A modulo B, where A and B are byte-arrays interpreted as big-endian unsigned integers. Fail if B is zero.
Cost: 20
LogicSigVersion >= 4

b|¶

Opcode: 0xab
Pops: ... stack, {[]byte A}, {[]byte B}
Pushes: []byte
A bitwise-or B, where A and B are byte-arrays, zero-left extended to the greater of their lengths
Cost: 6
LogicSigVersion >= 4

b&¶

Opcode: 0xac
Pops: ... stack, {[]byte A}, {[]byte B}
Pushes: []byte
A bitwise-and B, where A and B are byte-arrays, zero-left extended to the greater of their lengths
Cost: 6
LogicSigVersion >= 4

b^¶

Opcode: 0xad
Pops: ... stack, {[]byte A}, {[]byte B}
Pushes: []byte
A bitwise-xor B, where A and B are byte-arrays, zero-left extended to the greater of their lengths
Cost: 6
LogicSigVersion >= 4

b~¶

Opcode: 0xae
Pops: ... stack, []byte
Pushes: []byte
X with all bits inverted
Cost: 4
LogicSigVersion >= 4

bzero¶

Opcode: 0xaf
Pops: ... stack, uint64
Pushes: []byte
push a byte-array of length X, containing all zero bytes
LogicSigVersion >= 4

log¶

Opcode: 0xb0
Pops: ... stack, []byte
Pushes: None
write bytes to log state of the current application
LogicSigVersion >= 5
Mode: Application

log fails if called more than MaxLogCalls times in a program, or if the sum of logged bytes exceeds 1024 bytes.

itxn_begin¶

Opcode: 0xb1
Pops: None
Pushes: None
Begin preparation of a new inner transaction
LogicSigVersion >= 5
Mode: Application

itxn_begin initializes Sender to the application address; Fee to the minimum allowable, taking into account MinTxnFee and credit from overpaying in earlier transactions; FirstValid/LastValid to the values in the top-level transaction, and all other fields to zero values.

itxn_field f¶

Opcode: 0xb2 {uint8 transaction field index}
Pops: ... stack, any
Pushes: None
Set field F of the current inner transaction to X
LogicSigVersion >= 5
Mode: Application

itxn_field fails if X is of the wrong type for F, including a byte array of the wrong size for use as an address when F is an address field. itxn_field also fails if X is an account or asset that does not appear in txn.Accounts or txn.ForeignAssets of the top-level transaction. (Setting addresses in asset creation are exempted from this requirement.)

itxn_submit¶

Opcode: 0xb3
Pops: None
Pushes: None
Execute the current inner transaction. Fail if 16 inner transactions have already been executed, or if the transaction itself fails.
LogicSigVersion >= 5
Mode: Application

itxn f¶

Opcode: 0xb4 {uint8 transaction field index}
Pops: None
Pushes: any
push field F of the last inner transaction to stack
LogicSigVersion >= 5
Mode: Application

itxna f i¶

Opcode: 0xb5 {uint8 transaction field index} {uint8 transaction field array index}
Pops: None
Pushes: any
push Ith value of the array field F of the last inner transaction to stack
LogicSigVersion >= 5
Mode: Application

txnas f¶

Opcode: 0xc0 {uint8 transaction field index}
Pops: ... stack, uint64
Pushes: any
push Xth value of the array field F of the current transaction
LogicSigVersion >= 5

gtxnas t f¶

Opcode: 0xc1 {uint8 transaction group index} {uint8 transaction field index}
Pops: ... stack, uint64
Pushes: any
push Xth value of the array field F from the Tth transaction in the current group
LogicSigVersion >= 5

gtxnsas f¶

Opcode: 0xc2 {uint8 transaction field index}
Pops: ... stack, {uint64 A}, {uint64 B}
Pushes: any
pop an index A and an index B. push Bth value of the array field F from the Ath transaction in the current group
LogicSigVersion >= 5

args¶

Opcode: 0xc3
Pops: ... stack, uint64
Pushes: []byte
push Xth LogicSig argument to stack
LogicSigVersion >= 5
Mode: Signature

Create Publication

Opcodes

err¶

sha256¶

keccak256¶

sha512_256¶

ed25519verify¶

ecdsa_verify v¶

ecdsa_pk_decompress v¶

ecdsa_pk_recover v¶

+¶

-¶

/¶

*¶

<¶

>¶

<=¶

>=¶

&&¶

||¶

==¶

!=¶

!¶

len¶

itob¶

btoi¶

%¶

|¶

&¶

^¶

~¶

mulw¶

addw¶

divmodw¶

intcblock uint ...¶

intc i¶

intc_0¶

intc_1¶

intc_2¶

intc_3¶

bytecblock bytes ...¶

bytec i¶

bytec_0¶

bytec_1¶

bytec_2¶

bytec_3¶

arg n¶

arg_0¶

arg_1¶

arg_2¶

arg_3¶

txn f¶

global f¶

gtxn t f¶

load i¶

store i¶

txna f i¶

gtxna t f i¶

gtxns f¶

gtxnsa f i¶

gload t i¶

gloads i¶

gaid t¶

gaids¶

loads¶

stores¶

bnz target¶

bz target¶

b target¶

return¶

assert¶

pop¶

dup¶

dup2¶

dig n¶

swap¶

select¶

cover n¶

uncover n¶

concat¶